Its club was so daunting that not even a Tyrannosaurus rex, would want to mess with this alarming species. [31], The osteoderms of ankylosaurids were thin in comparison to those of other ankylosaurs, and appear to have been strengthened by randomly distributed cushions of collagen fibers. The Indominus has a stud underneath its claws, so it can hold two minifigures (three if you count the meal-in-progress), and the Ankylosaurus has a swinging tail. [9], Brown had collected 77 osteoderms while excavating a Tyrannosaurus specimen in the Lance Formation of Wyoming in 1900. Quantity-1 + Preferred By. Name: Ankylosaurus Origin: Real World Gender: Varies; Can be Male or Female Age: Varies Classification: Dinosaur Powers and Abilities: Superhuman Physical Characteristics, Natural Weaponry (Tail), … Carpenter suggested that when seen from above, the plates would have been paired, creating an inverted V-shape across the neck, with the midline gap probably being filled with small ossicles (round bony scutes) to allow for movement. Its tail club was 18 inches wide, and the last four vertebrae of Ankyl… The smallest ones had rather large teeth perfectly bred for snipping off facial hair. The study also found that while adult ankylosaurid tail clubs were capable of breaking bones, those of juveniles were not. [10][6] As more complete specimens and new genera have been discovered, theories about ankylosaurian interrelatedness have become more complex, and hypotheses have often changed between studies. A knobby-relative of the ankylosaurus lacking the tail club but covered in several knobby small horns along its back and head. The name can be translated as "fused lizard", "stiff lizard", or "curved lizard". The researchers who examined the specimen suggested that ankylosaurs relied heavily on muscular tongues and hyobranchia (tongue bones) when feeding since their teeth were fairly small and were replaced at a relatively slow rate. SADDLES. [10] That sculpture, as well as the American artist Rudolph Zallinger's 1947 mural The Age of Reptiles and other later popular depictions, showed Ankylosaurus with a tail club, following the first discovery of this feature in 1910. He also thought jaw movement was limited to up and down movements. Waterskin. The mini-ankylosaurus shaver prop from the film up-close. Ankylosaurus was built like a living tank, with extremely thick, bony plates of armor on its body, even including armored eyelids. Smaller ones are useful as car brushes as seen in the 1994 film. Rating: 4/5. Engram Points 18 Crafted In Smithy. In addition, though the widely separated nostrils may have allowed for stereo-olfaction (where each nostril senses smells from different directions), as has been proposed for the moose, little is known about this feature. [10][17], A prominent feature of Ankylosaurus was its armor, consisting of knobs and plates of bone known as osteoderms, or scutes, embedded in the skin. The osteoderms ranged from 1 centimeter (0.39 in) in diameter to 35.5 centimeters (1.16 ft) in length, and varied in shape. This is the largest-known Ankylosaurus skull, but it is damaged in places. [10], Most of the known Ankylosaurus specimens were not scientifically described at length, though several paleontologists planned to do so until Carpenter redescribed the genus in 2004. The tail club of AMNH 5214 is 60 centimeters (2.0 ft) long, 49 centimeters (1.61 ft) wide, and 19 centimeters (7.5 in) tall. But, one of the Ankylosaurus see him and they both stared each other down. A knobby-relative of the ankylosaurus lacking the tail club but covered in several knobby small horns along its back and head. The snout was arched and truncated at the front, and the nostrils were elliptical and were directed downward and outward, unlike in all other known ankylosaurids where they faced obliquely forward or upward. The denticles were large, their number ranging from six to eight on the front part of the tooth, and five to seven behind. Crests above the orbits merged into the upper squamosal horns (their shape has been described as "pyramidal"), which pointed backwards to the sides from the back of the skull. Reconstructions of the inner ear suggest adaptation to hearing at low frequencies, such as the low-toned resonant sounds possibly produced by the nasal passages. The club was used to swing around and smash into an attacking dinosaur. Ankylosaurus was one of the last ankylosaurids known, alongside the nodosaurid Denversaurus. Another ankylosaur, a nodosaur referred to as Edmontonia sp., is also found in the same formations, but according to Carpenter, the range of the two genera does not seem to have overlapped. [5][6][7] In a 1908 review of Brown's Ankylosaurus description, the American paleontologist Samuel Wendell Williston criticised the skeletal reconstruction as being based on too few remains, and claimed that Ankylosaurus was merely a synonym of the genus Stegopelta, which Williston had named in 1905. 75941 Indominus rex vs. Ankylosaurus recreates the ride in a way that is pretty faithful to the movie, incorporating a loading area, launch ramp and signage. They were widespread and inhabited a broad range of environments. They instead suggested that the fragments represented the remains of two cervical half-rings, which formed two semi-circular plates of armor around the upper part of the neck, as in the closely related Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus. The main attraction of the set though is the brand new Ankylosaurus and a second opportunity to get the Indominus Rex. A herd of Ankylosaurus are grazing in the forest. Ankylosaurus magniventris was the biggest and heaviest of the several ankylosaurid species and grew up to 33 feet (10 meters) long. Ankylosauridae [10] The enlarged olfactory region of ankylosaurids indicates a well-developed sense of smell. [12][10][18], Brown considered Ankylosaurus so distinct that he made it the type genus of a new family, Ankylosauridae, typified by massive, triangular skulls, short necks, stiff backs, broad bodies, and osteoderms. The braincase was short and robust, as in other ankylosaurines. [12], Fossils of Ankylosaurus teeth exhibit wear on the face of the crown rather than on the tip of the crown, as in nodosaurid ankylosaurs. [16], Like other ornithischians, Ankylosaurus was herbivorous. Unlike other ankylosaurs, its nostrils faced sideways rather than towards the front. The front part of the jaws was covered in a beak, with rows of small, leaf-shaped teeth farther behind it. The nasal chambers had two openings, including the choanae (internal nostrils), and the air passage was looped. It was named by Barnum Brownin 1908; the only species in the genus is A. magniventris. Ankylosaurus AMNH 5214 has 35 dental alveoli in the left dentary and 36 in the right, for a total of 71. The narrower muzzle of the nodosaur suggests it had a more selective diet than Ankylosaurus, further indicating ecological separation, whether their range overlapped or not. [25] A 2016 study of the dental occlusion (contact between the teeth) of ankylosaur specimens found that the ability for backwards (palinal) jaw movement evolved independently in different ankylosaur lineages, including Late Cretaceous North American ankylosaurids like Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus. [12] The position of the orbits of Ankylosaurus suggest some stereoscopic vision. It was approximately 6–11 meters in length, weighed 6-7 tons and was a distant relative of Polacanthus the earlier WWD episode Giant of the Skies and Edmontonia, from Walking with Dinosaurs 3Dfilm. Ankylo Saddle. It is unlikely that Ankylosauruswas a particularly swift animal, only capable of short bursts of speed and spending most of their time moving sluggishly about. [12], In 1977 the Polish paleontologist Teresa Maryańska proposed that the complex sinuses and nasal cavities of ankylosaurs may have lightened the weight of the skull, housed a nasal gland, or acted as a chamber for vocal resonance. Despite the feasibility of tail-swinging, the researchers could not determine whether ankylosaurids used their clubs for defense against potential predators, in intraspecific combat, or both. Possibly the largest-known ankylosaurid, Ankylosaurus is estimated to have been between 6 and 8 meters (20 and 26 ft) long and to have weighed between 4.8 and 8 metric tons (5.3 and 8.8 short tons). In "Bylaw", Malcolm Wallace retrieves an abandoned and damaged ankylosaur egg from the nests. A few other ankylosaurs reached about 6 meters (20 ft) in length. [10][16] Arbour and Mallon elaborated on this idea, describing the shape of these half-rings as "continuous U-shaped yokes" over the upper part of the neck, and suggested that Ankylosaurus had six keeled osteoderms with oval bases on each half-ring. Some osteoderms without keels may have been placed above the hip region of Ankylosaurus, as in Euoplocephalus. [10] Like other ankylosaurs, Ankylosaurus had small, phylliform (leaf-shaped) teeth, which were compressed sideways. Ankylosaurus from Walking With Dinosaurs TV Series. The tail club of Ankylosaurus was semicircular when seen from above, similar to those of Euoplocephalus and Scolosaurus but unlike the pointed club osteoderms of Anodontosaurus or the narrow, elongated club of Dyoplosaurus. Summary. An Ankylosaurus skull. Though the latter is the smallest specimen of Ankylosaurus, its skull is still larger than those of any other ankylosaurins. Ankylosaurus[nb 1] is a genus of armored dinosaur. Compressed, triangular osteoderms found with Ankylosaurus specimens may have been placed on the sides of the pelvis or the tail. Dinosaur Train Ankylosaurus. They could also be used as riding animals, and the smallest varieties could be used as razors much like beeasaurus razors. Compared to Euoplocephalus, the osteoderms of Ankylosaurus were smoother. An ankylosaurus-crusher from The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones. sporst/Flickr.com Ankylosaurus was the Cretaceous equivalent of a Sherman tank: low-slung, slow-moving, and covered with thick, nearly impenetrable armor. Carnotaurus. Quantity-1 + It fina… Ankylosaurus in Walking With Dinosaurs: The Arena Spectacular. Ecology [12], Ankylosaurus was the largest-known ankylosaurine dinosaur and possibly the largest ankylosaurid. Its wide muzzle was adapted for non-selective low-browse cropping,[10] although not to the extent seen in some related genera, especially Euoplocephalus. [24] Later research on Euoplocephalus indicates that forward and sideways jaw movement was possible in these animals, the skull being able to withstand considerable forces. Ankylo Egg. The osteoderms on the flanks would probably have had a more square outline than those on the back. Sinuses and nasal chambers in the snout may have been for heat and water balance or may have played a role in vocalization. [13] The American paleontologist Kenneth Carpenter accepted the teeth as belonging to A. magniventris in 2004, and that all the specimens belonged to the same species, noting that the teeth of other ankylosaurs are highly variable. The orbits (eye sockets) were almost round to slightly oval and did not face directly sideways because the skull tapered towards the front. [29] A 2009 study estimated that ankylosaurids could swing their tails at 100 degrees laterally, and the mainly cancellous clubs would have had a lowered moment of inertia and been effective weapons. Ankylosauruses are a species of armored dinosaurs which existed during the Stone Age featured in the franchise of The Flintstones. They could be used to ring large turtlesaurus shell bells. The incomplete mandible of the largest specimen (CMN 8880) is the same length. [12], Many traditional popular depictions show Ankylosaurus in a squatting posture and with a huge tail club being dragged over the ground. The maxillae had a ridge that may have been the attachment site for fleshy cheeks; the presence of cheeks in ornithischians is controversial, but some nodosaurs had armor plates that covered the cheek region, which may have been embedded in the flesh. [12][10], With its low center of gravity, Ankylosaurus would have been unable to knock down trees like modern elephants do. [10], The three known Ankylosaurus skulls differ in various details; this is thought to be the result of taphonomy (changes happening during decay and fossilization of the remains) and individual variation. [12] Benson and colleagues also estimated the weight for the animal of AMNH 5214 at 4.78 metric tons (5.27 short tons) in 2014. Smaller ones are useful as car brushes as seen in the 1994 film. The scale-like cranial ornamentation on the surfaces of ankylosaurs skulls is called "caputegulae", and were the result of remodeling of the skull itself. As only the tail club of specimen AMNH 5214 is known, the range of variation between individuals is unknown. In the cervical half-rings, the underlying bone band developed outgrowths connecting it with the underlying osteoderms, which simultaneously fused to each other. This would have provided the ankylosaurids with an armor covering that was both lightweight and highly durable, being resistant to breakage and penetration by the teeth of predators. [1] The humerus (upper arm bone) of AMNH 5214 was short, very broad and about 54 centimeters (1.77 ft) long. As an adult, Ankylosaurus does not appear to have congregated in groups (though some ankylosaurs appear to have congregated when young). This group first appeared in the Sinemurian age, and survived for 135 million years until disappearing in the Maastrichtian. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. So, although it was a large herbivore with similar energetic requirements, it is therefore improbable that Ankylosaurus was able to modify the landscape of its ecosystem in the way elephants do; hadrosaurids may instead have had such an "ecosystem engineer" role. The gyrosphere deployment station has an entrance turnstile and a trigger to launch a gyrosphere with a minifigure inside. Modern reconstructions show the animal with a more upright limb posture and with the tail held off the ground. [20] Ankylosaurus is considered part of the subfamily Ankylosaurinae (members of which are called ankylosaurines) within Ankylosauridae. Small breeds of ankylosaurus which could range in size, being only as large as a snorkasaurus and capable of being small enough to fit in one's hand. [10] Coombs suggested in 1979 that several hindlimb muscles would have controlled the swinging of the tail, and that violent thrusts of the club would have been able to break the metatarsal bones of large theropods. Though other members of Ankylosauria are represented by more extensive fossil material, Ankylosaurus is often considered the archetypal member of its group, despite having some unusual features. Smaller, triangular osteoderms may have been present on the sides of the pelvis. It had a wide, low skull, with two horns pointing backward from the back of the head, and two horns below these that pointed backward and down. After stalking the herd, the t-rex charges towards them. [10], The cervical vertebrae had broad neural spines that increased in height towards the body. [10] In 2017, based on comparisons with more complete ankylosaurines, Arbour and Mallon estimated a length of 7.56 to 9.99 meters (24.8 to 32.8 ft) for CMN 8880, and 6.02 to 7.95 meters (19.8 to 26.1 ft) for AMNH 5214. The interlocked zygapophyses (articular processes) and neural spines of the handle vertebrae were U-shaped when seen from above, whereas those of most other ankylosaurids are V-shaped, which may be due to the handle of Ankylosaurus being wider. Ankylosaurus Kibble (MOBILE) Crafted in Cooking Pot. He also classified Palaeoscincus (only known from teeth), and Euoplocephalus (then only known from a partial skull and osteoderms) as part of the family. The gyrosphere deployment station has an entrance turnstile and a trigger to launch a gyrosphere with a minifigure inside. Ankylosaurids thereafter recolonized North America from Asia during the Campanian or Turonian ages of the Late Cretaceous, and there diversified again, leading to genera such as Ankylosaurus, Anodontosaurus, and Euoplocephalus. Ankylosaurs were likely to have been slow-moving and sluggish animals,[28][29] though they may have been capable of quick movements when necessary. Flattened, pointed plates resemble those on the sides of the tail of Saichania, and may have been distributed similarly on Ankylosaurus. Arbour and Mallon estimated a weight of 4.78 metric tons (5.27 short tons) for AMNH 5214, and tentatively estimated the weight of CMN 8880 at 7.95 metric tons (8.76 short tons). Characteristics [8] The claim of synonymy was not accepted by other researchers, and the two genera are now considered distinct. Body type • Jurassic World figure pack includes Indominus Rex and Ankylosaurus fighting dinos • Tails wind up for attack • Twist to launch them at each other or other Brawlasaurs figures (each sold separately) The tendons of the tail were partially ossified and were not very elastic, allowing great force to be transmitted to the club when it was used as a weapon. Ankylosaurus was the largest of its kind (and also the type genus). This explains a 30-million-year gap in the fossil record of North American ankylosaurids between these ages. This specimen included a complete skull, mandibles, the first and only tail club known of this genus, as well as ribs, vertebrae, limb bones, and armor. Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the non-avian dinosaurs. More recent examination has shown them to be similar to those of Ankylosaurus; it seems that Brown had compared them with some Euoplocephalus osteoderms, which had been erroneously cataloged as belonging to Ankylosaurus at the AMNH. Savoroot. Because the vertebrae of AMNH 5214 are not significantly larger than those of other ankylosaurines, Arbour and Mallon considered their upper range estimate of nearly 10 meters (33 ft) for large Ankylosaurus too long, and suggested a length of 8 meters (26 ft) instead. Assuming it was endothermic, Ankylosaurus would have eaten 60 kilograms (130 lb) of ferns per day, similar to the amount of dry vegetation a large elephant would consume. [12] Based on the broadness of the ribcage, the digestion of unchewed food may have been facilitated by hindgut fermentation like in modern herbivorous lizards, which have several chambers in their enlarged colon. Large Structurally similar to Sharpey's fibres, they were embedded directly into the bone tissue, a feature unique to ankylosaurids. This Indominus Rex is much more accurate figure than from 2015, and the Ankylosaurus is cool too. [35], In 1993 Tony Thulborn proposed that the tail club of ankylosaurids primarily acted as a decoy for the head, as he thought the tail too short and inflexible to have an effective reach; the "dummy head" would lure a predator close to the tail, where it could be struck. The type specimen is from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana, while other specimens have been found in the Lance and Ferris Formations in Wyoming, the Scollard Formation in Alberta, and the Frenchman Formation in Saskatchewan, all of which date to the end of the Cretaceous. Body size Having for comparison only a few, incomplete members of the family, he believed the group was part of the suborder Stegosauria. Powers and Stats. Its tail also had a second function; it could act as a deadly club. The ankylosaurus is also a healthy, fit, adult male (I don't know the size and weight stats for this, but Google does) All combatants are bloodlusted. [10][12], The tail club (or tail knob) of Ankylosaurus was composed of two large osteoderms, with a row of small osteoderms at the midline, and two small osteoderms at the tip; these osteoderms obscured the last tail vertebra. The smallest-known skull (specimen AMNH 5214) is 55.5 centimeters (1.82 ft) long and 64.5 centimeters (2.12 ft) wide, and Carpenter estimated that it measured about 5.4 meters (18 ft) long and about 1.4 meters (4.6 ft) tall at the hips. The specimen (found by collector Peter Kaisen) consisted of the upper part of a skull, two teeth, part of the shoulder girdle, cervical, dorsal, and caudal vertebrae, ribs, and more than thirty osteoderms (armor plates). [12][10][16], The snout region of Ankylosaurus was unique among ankylosaurs, and had undergone an "extreme" transformation compared to its relatives. He also raised the possibility that the two teeth associated with the holotype specimen perhaps did not belong to it, as they were found in matrix within the nasal chambers. Its broad muzzle indicates it was a non-selective browser. [37][38][12], Fossils of Ankylosaurus are rare in these sediments, and the distribution of its remains suggests that it was ecologically rare, or restricted to the uplands of the formations rather than the coastal lowlands, where it would have been more likely to fossilize. The nostrils also had an intranarial septum, which separated the nasal passage from the sinus. 75941 Indominus rex vs. Ankylosaurus should enable the designers to achieve much greater accuracy. [21] The following cladogram is based on a 2015 phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosaurinae conducted by Arbour and Currie:[16], Since Ankylosaurus and other Late Cretaceous North American ankylosaurids grouped with Asian genera (in a tribe the authors named Ankylosaurini), Arbour and Currie suggested that earlier North American ankylosaurids had gone extinct by the late Albian or Cenomanian ages of the Middle Cretaceous. The club of the largest specimen may have been 57 centimeters (1.87 ft) wide. 75941 Indominous Rex vs. Ankylosaurus is a Jurassic World set released in June 2020. Each side of the snout had five sinuses, four of which expanded into the maxilla bone. [38][43], Ankylosaurid dinosaur genus from the Late Cretaceous Period, "Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide A", "The families of the ornithischian dinosaur order Ankylosauria", "Unusual cranial and postcranial anatomy in the archetypal ankylosaur, "Rates of Dinosaur Body Mass Evolution Indicate 170 Million Years of Sustained Ecological Innovation on the Avian Stem Lineage", "Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod", "Ankylosaurid dinosaur tail clubs evolved through stepwise acquisition of key features", "Diversity and convergences in the evolution of feeding adaptations in ankylosaurs (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)", "A complex hyobranchial apparatus in a Cretaceous dinosaur and the antiquity of avian paraglossalia", "Ankylosauridae (Dinosauria) from Mongolia", "The internal cranial morphology of an armoured dinosaur, 10.1671/0272-4634(2004)024[0874:hoaoif]2.0.co;2, "Estimating impact forces of tail club strikes by ankylosaurid dinosaurs", "Cretaceous 'Hell Creek Faunal Facies'; Late Maastrichtian", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ankylosaurus&oldid=992180632, Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 22:47. Certain invertebrates, which the small teeth may have been adapted for handling, could also have provided supplemental nutrition. The osteoderms covering the body were very flat, though with a low keel at one margin. Brown's reconstruction became highly influential, and restorations of the animal based on his diagram were published as late as the 1980s. It was also incapable of chewing bark and thus unlikely to have practiced bark stripping. Ankylosaurus is a member of the family Ankylosauridae, and its closest relatives appear to be Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus. The genus name means "fused lizard", and the specific name means "great belly". A handful of specimens have been excavated to date, but a complete skeleton has not been discovered. Carpenter noted that Ankylosaurus has become the archetypal member of its group, and the best-known ankylosaur in popular culture, perhaps due to a life-sized reconstruction of the animal being featured at the 1964 World's Fair in New York City. [12] Studies of specimens of Pinacosaurus of different ages found that during ontogenetic development, the ribs of juvenile ankylosaurs fused with their vertebrae. In addition, Coombs suggested that ankylosaurs may have been capable diggers, though the hoof-like structure of the manus would have limited fossorial activity. [14], The structure of much of the skeleton of Ankylosaurus, including most of the pelvis, tail, and feet, is still unknown. In 1947 the American fossil collectors Charles M. Sternberg and T. Potter Chamney collected a skull and mandible (specimen CMN 8880, formerly NMC 8880), 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) north of where the 1910 specimen was found. [36] Carpenter has rejected this idea, as tail club shape is highly variable among ankylosaurids, even in the same genus. Ankylosaurus had some smaller osteoderms with a keel across the midline. [5] The armor of Ankylosaurus has often been conflated with that of Edmontonia (earlier referred to as Palaeoscincus); in addition to Ankylosaurus being depicted with spikes, Edmontonia has also been depicted with an Ankylosaurus-like tail club (a feature nodosaurids did not have), including in a mural by the American artist Charles R. Knight from 1930. Similarly on Ankylosaurus also incapable of chewing bark and thus unlikely to have been present on premaxillae! Keels could have been placed on the midline and horns s tail knocking... Tyrannosaurus rex, would want to mess with this alarming species quadrupedal, with rows of,! The study also found that while adult ankylosaurid tail clubs ) it may also ( or alternatively have! 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