Ytterbium is found in the most accurate atomic clocks and is also used in studies of the brain. Values are given for typical oxidation number and coordination. It is given by the ratio of the pressure on a body to the fractional decrease in volume. Ytterbium is separated from the other rare-earth elements by solvent-solvent extraction or ion-exchange techniques. Ytterbium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Only in 1953 was a pure sample obtained. Like all other elements, ytterbium has synthetic radioactive isotopes. Sublimation Ytterbium has the lowest boiling point of the rare-earth metals. It occurs in minute amounts in many rare-earth minerals such as laterite clays, xenotime, and euxenite and is found in products of nuclear fission as well. In such cases we would ask you to sign a Visual Elements licence agreement, tailored to the specific use you propose. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. It also is used in stress gauges and lasers. Ytterbium has no known biological role. Ytterbium is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity). It has low toxicity. Isolation: ytterbium metal is available commercially so it is not normally necessary to make it in the laboratory, which is just as well as it is difficult to isolate as the pure metal.This is largely because of the way it is found in nature. note: Ytterbium is not found alone in nature; it is found in ore monazite sand and is separated from said compound]. China, Russia, India, Malaysia and Australia are the leading producers of yttrium. Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by. Atomic radius, non-bonded If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department by email. Ytterbium is named after Ytterby, Sweden. Block With few exceptions, this tells the whole boring story about the other 14 elements". A measure of the propensity of a substance to evaporate. In April 2018, scientists discovered what they think is a massive deposit of rare earth metals, including yttrium, on a small Japanese island called Minamitori Island.Yttrium can be found in most of the rare earth minerals, but has never been discovered in the Earth's crust as a freestanding element. Ytterbium forms compounds with the halogens found in group 17 of the periodic table: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Common Compounds of Ytterbium Yb [Yb +2, Yb +3]. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. : modern Latin, from Ytterby, the name of a Swedish quarry where it was first found. It can be extracted by ion exchange and solvent extraction. Ytterbium is an element of the periodic table with an atomic number of 70, discovered by Jean de Marignac in the year 1878. It is attacked by the strong acids and reacts slowly with cold water and air. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Ytterbium is also used in some laser systems and ytterbium fibre laser amplifiers are found in commercial and industrial applications where they are used in marking and engraving. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm. These values were determined using several different methods. Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact, Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact, If you wish to use the Images in a manner not permitted by these terms and conditions please contact the Publishing Services Department. Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. To a certain degree that is correct—about 25 percent of their uses…. A measure of how difficult it is to deform a material. Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. It is common substitute to yttrium minerals. It also is used in stress gauges and lasers. A horizontal row in the periodic table. Pornographic, defamatory, libellous, scandalous, fraudulent, immoral, infringing or otherwise unlawful use of the Images is, of course, prohibited. He had recently discovered a new component in a type of Earth that was known as Erbia. Due to the very simple level structure of the Yb 3+ ion, it is widely believed that quenching effects are basically impossible. Ytterbium is a rare earth element. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In 1843, erbium and terbium were extracted from it, and then in 1878, de Marignac separated ytterbium from erbium. It occurs in minute amounts in many rare-earth minerals such as laterite clays, xenotime, and euxenite and is found in products of nuclear fission as well. The metal is used in pressure sensors because its electrical resistivity is strongly pressure-dependent. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. It is used as a dopant in a variety of optical materials, including lenses. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. New elements were later isolated from each of those oxides, and each element was named, in some fashion, after Ytterby, the village near the quarry where they were found (see ytterbium, terbium, and erbium). Ytterbium is among the less-abundant rare earths. Electron configuration Images © Murray Robertson 1999-2011 Each allotrope has different physical properties. Ytterbium compounds are capable of absorbing light in the near infra red part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which has been exploited to convert radiant energy into electrical energy in devices coupled to solar cells. Welcome to "A Visual Interpretation of The Table of Elements", the most striking version of the periodic table on the web. Natural ytterbium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. All ytterbium ordinarily found in nature is of stable isotopes. A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. A fourth oxide, ytterbium oxide, was isolated in 1878 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac. Although it is one of the rare-earth metals rare-earth metals, in chemistry, group of metals including those of the lanthanide series and actinide series and usually yttrium, sometimes scandium and thorium, and rarely zirconium. (1), (2) In 1907, in Paris, George Urbain separated ytterbia into two constituents. Sources of yttrium Though yttrium was discovered in Scandinavia, it is far more plentiful in other countries. Ytterbium has 2 valency states, +2 and +3. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. Ytterbium is a silver-white metal used to make steel stronger and in some X-ray machines. Isotopes were used because their nuclei have different numbers of neutrons and therefore potentially different dark-boson interactions with electrons. Ytterbium has three allotropic forms with transformation points at -13°C and 795°C: The beta form is a room-temperature, face-centered, cubic modification, while the high-temperature gamma form is a body-centered cubic form. Group In common with many lanthanide elements, ytterbium is found principally in the mineral monazite. This was very much a test device - weighing over 80 tons and requiring a structure around 50 feet high to support it, meaning that it could never have been deployed - but it proved, all too well, the capability of the thermonuclear weapon. Ytterbium is named after the town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden, and makes up the fourth element to be named after this town, the others being of course yttrium, terbium and erbium. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact. In compounds of ytterbium (where known), the most common oxidation numbers of ytterbium are: 3. Ytterbium was discovered in 1878 by the famous Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac. As with all the lanthanides, ytterbium exists in the majority of its compounds as the trivalent ion Yb3+. It can also be used as an industrial catalyst and is increasingly being used to replace other catalysts considered to be too toxic and polluting. The description of the element in its natural form. He heated erbium nitrate until it decomposed and then extracted the residue with water and obtained two oxides: a red one which was erbium oxide, and a white one which he knew must be a new element, and this he named ytterbium. A soft, silvery metal. Many introductory science books view the rare earths as being so chemically similar to one another that collectively they can be considered as one element. Although it is one of the rare-earth metals rare-earth metals, in chemistry, group of metals including those of the lanthanide series and actinide series and usually yttrium, sometimes scandium and thorium, and rarely zirconium. Due to the very simple level structure of the Yb 3+ ion, it is widely believed that quenching effects are basically impossible. Ytterbium was isolated in 1878 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac who was a Swiss chemist working at the University of Geneva at the time. The only ytterbium compound of historical commercial use is ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3); this is used to make alloys and special types of glass and ceramics. This silver-colored rare earth element is one of several elements discovered from ores from a quarry in Ytterby, Sweden. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. Through intense scrutiny of a so-called "periodic table" found in any chemistry textbook, a group of scientists has inferred a few key properties of the element Ytterbium. In common with many lanthanide elements, ytterbium is found principally in the mineral monazite. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that reacts with water and acids and very slowly reacts with air. Density (g cm−3) This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/ytterbium, Los Alamos National Laboratory - Ytterbium, ytterbium - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Ytterbium is the fourth element to be named after the town of Ytterby, Sweden. Brian Clegg will be providing more insight into the reactions and naming of einsteinium in next week's Chemistry in its element. Gamma rays are similar to X-rays in that they pass through soft materials and tissues but are blocked by more dense materials such as bone. A tiny amount of ytterbium metal was made in 1937 by heating ytterbium chloride and potassium together but was impure. Some elements exist in several different structural forms, called allotropes. Ytterbium is used in alloys with stainless steel. They are useful for many organic transformations and are finding increasing use in the chemical industry. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. These compounds have a variety of uses. The name Ytterbium originates after the name for the Swedish village of Ytterby. If you are in any doubt, please ask. It is a soft, silvery-white metal that reacts with water and acids and very slowly reacts with air. Ytterbium is a naturally occuring rare earth element. Allotropes Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. He heated erbium nitrate until it decomposed and then extracted the residue, which contained an unknown white powder that he named ytterbium oxide (ytterbia). Ytterbium is a soft, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-white metal. Density is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm3 at room temperature. These values were determined using several different methods. It has the chemical symbol Yb. A vertical column in the periodic table. In this regard, small amounts of Yb-169 have been exploited in portable X-ray machines that require no electricity and are much easier to carry around than conventional X-ray machines-useful for radiography of small objects! Below is a list of Creative Ytterbium slogans for chemistry assignments, science projects & project […] Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. It slowly oxidizes in air, forming Yb2O3; the metal is readily dissolved in diluted acids—except hydrofluoric acid (HF), in which a protective layer of YbF3 forms on the surface and impedes further chemical reaction. Ytterbium can also exist in the +2 valence state; its compounds are powerful reducing agents and it is capable of reducing water to hydrogen gas. Ytterbium exists in three allotropic (structural) forms. Half of the distance between two unbonded atoms of the same element when the electrostatic forces are balanced. The metallic radii of the trivalent metals exhibit the normal lanthanide contraction, but a noticeable deviation occurs for cerium, where its radius falls below the line established by the…, europium and ytterbium, on the other hand, can be divalent. Isotopes It is also found in the ores euxenite and xenotime. First ionisation energyThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Data for this section been provided by the. Even this was eventually shown to contain another rare earth, lutetium, in 1907. The element forms a series of pale green Yb2+ salts such as ytterbium sulfate, dibromide, hydroxide, and carbonate. Ytterbium was first discovered by Jean de Marignac in 1878. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. In addition, ten radioactive isotopes are also known; these isotopes are unstable and break down into other isotopes giving out radiation in the process. Ytterbium, like europium, is a divalent metal. Ytterbium is pronounced as i-TUR-bee-em. The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right. The γ-phase is body-centred cubic with a = 4.44 Å at 763 °C (1,405 °F). The ion Yb2+ has also been produced by electrolytic reduction or treatment of a Yb3+ salt with sodium amalgam. Ytterbium is readily attacked and dissolved by dilute and concentrated mineral acids and reacts slowly with water. Ytterbium is the fourth element to be named after the town of Ytterby, Sweden. Ytterbium-169 in particular emits gamma rays. When yttria was first identified, nobody realised that it was contaminated with traces of other rare earth metals. Compound Name. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. This is where the artist explains his interpretation of the element and the science behind the picture. Ytterbium was isolated in 1878 by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac at the University of Geneva. Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. CAS number The lanthanoids are found in nature in a number of minerals. The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. Samarium…, 2, and europium and ytterbium are divalent. The number of protons in an atom. Ytterbium was discovered by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1878, in Geneva, Switzerland. Yttrium definition, a rare trivalent metallic element, found in gadolinite and other minerals. Ytterbium is present along with several rare minerals. He performed a series of fractional crystallizations of ytterbium nitrate from nitric acid solution and ob… Ytterbium is beginning to find a variety of uses, such as in memory devices and tuneable lasers. Click here to view videos about  Ytterbium, It’s Elemental - The Periodic Table of Elements. It is a soft, malleable silvery metal that will tarnish slightly when stored in air and therefore should be stored in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere when long storage time is required. Well, that was ytterbium, definitely an interesting and fascinating element with many uses as diverse as atomic clocks and solar cells and definitely different from the other lanthanides. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. The divalent metals europium and ytterbium have high vapour pressures—or lower boiling points than the other rare-earth elements, as can be seen when they are plotted versus atomic number—which makes it difficult to prepare them by the metallothermic or electrolytic methods. The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. It is soft and silver in colour. Ytterbium is an element with the symbol Yb and the atomic number 70. Additionally, ytterbium compounds are often more potent catalysts than their lanthanide counterparts. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is difficult to separate from other rare earth elements. Ytterbium is among the less-abundant rare earths. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. The elemental metal is prepared by the metallothermic reduction of its oxide, Yb2O3, with lanthanum metal, followed by a vacuum distillation to further purify the metal. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Yttrium is found in the rare-earth mineral monazite, of which it makes 2.5%, and in smaller quantities in other minerals such as barnasite, fergusonite and smarskite. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. History and Uses: The mineral gadolinite ( (Ce, La, Nd, Y) 2 FeBe 2 Si 2 O 10 ), discovered in a quarry near the town of Ytterby, Sweden, has been the source of a great number of rare earth elements. Not counting nuclear isomers, a total of 27 radioactive isotopes of Yb ranging in mass from 148 to 181 with half-lives ranging from 409 milliseconds (ytterbium-154) to 32.018 days (ytterbium-169) have been characterized. Explaining the exceptional chemistry of Ytterbium, here's Louise Natrajan. The periodic table is made up of 118 elements. It is given by the ratio of the shear stress to the shear strain. The output of yttrium is about 600 tonnes per year, measured as yttrium oxide, and world reserves are estimated to be around 9 million tonnes. Ytterbium is a soft, malleable, ductile, lustrous silver-white metal. You may browse, download or print out one copy of the material displayed on the Site for your personal, non-commercial, non-public use, but you must retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained on the materials. It is most often recovered commercially from monazite sand (~0.03% ytterbium). In the research community, luminescent ytterbium compounds that give out light in the near infra red (around 980 nm) are of current interest and are being developed for use as alternative luminescent probes. The main deposits of ytterbium are found in China, United S… )PO 4] and an ore containing small amounts of all the rare earth metals. Boiling point The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. Ytterbium is a chemical element. The isotope Yb-174 has the potential to keep time more accurately than the current gold standard, which is a caesium fountain clock that is accurate to within a second every 100 million years. Earlier, in 1843, erbium and terbium were extracted from yttria and then ytterbium was separated from erbium. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In fact, Marignac's ytterbium oxide was not of a pure form either and a few years later in 1907, George Urbain extracted lutetium as its oxide from this ytterbium oxide. At room temperature the element is a silvery metal. The role of the element in humans, animals and plants. This small town, near Stockholm, also had a hand in naming erbium, terbium and yttrium. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. Melting point Hydrides The term hydride is used to indicate compounds of the type M x H y and not necessarily to indicate that any compounds listed behave as hydrides chemically. There is a famous quote about the lanthanides by Pimentel and Sprately from their book, Understanding Chemistry published in 1971: "Lanthanum has only one important oxidation state in aqueous solution, the +3 state. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site. Ytterbium is element number 70 with an element symbol Yb. The element is named after Ytterby, Sweden. In no event shall the RSC be liable for any damages including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever arising from use or loss of use, data or profits, whether in action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use of the material available from this Site. , Sweden structure or β-Yb with α-iron-type one tailored to the gas produced a. The elements are now known as Erbia its ground state electronic configuration is 6... For being late on a relative scale in volume common compounds of lutetium in! It, and to a certain degree that is correct—about 25 percent of their uses…, Yb +3 ],... Elementary and high school students earth, lutetium, and then ytterbium first... Marignac separated ytterbium from erbium found principally in the moments of that intense explosion it produced a brand new.... 3 mg/kg known as ytterbium sulfate, dibromide, hydroxide, and granules for evaporation source purposes! 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