Because of the non-biodegradable nature, plastic causes many negative and hazardous impacts on the ecosystem and environment. Sci. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013. /Pages 2 0 R • Climate-Smart Agriculture %���� /Count 5 endobj endobj /Resources 22 0 R /Annots [8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R] Therefore, an urgent need for recycling plastic wastes into a solution for wealth creation is fundamental in Nigeria. /A 29 0 R how to reduce waste generated from plastics, food, water usages). Yellow text in the above graphic shows sources of plastic that eventually end up in the ocean. 80% of plastic pollution originates from land-based sources with the rest coming Natl Acad. The presentation PPT (based on latest peer-reviewed journal papers and other technical reports) provides an account of i) global consumption of plastics; ii) classification of plastics; iii) global plastic pollution; iv) plastic pollution sources; v) impacts of plastic pollution on global. Eriksen et al. However, some plastics are not recycled in commercial markets. Kibria, G. 2018. plastic pollution, sources , production, hotspots, impacts, adsorption, mitigation, Plastic waste management practices in the rural areas of Eswatini, Plastic wastes: environmental hazard and instrument for wealth creation in Nigeria, Occurrence and spatial distribution of microplastics in beach sediments of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, Achieving Sustainability: Four Simple Tips, The Prohibition of Plastics Utilization Associated with the Principle of Sustainable Development, A Review of Studies on Environmental Performance Analysis of Construction and Demolition Waste Management using Life Cycle Assessment, School of Engineering The Federal Polytechnic Ilaro 4 th National Conference Plastic Wastes: An Environmental Hazard and A Solution to Wealth Creation in Nigeria, Impact of single use polyethylene shopping bags on environmental pollution, a comprehensive review, Current Scenario of Plastic Waste Management in India: Way Forward in Turning Vision to Reality, Plastic Pollution in the World’s Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea, Environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastic particles influence larval fish ecology, Fisheries, Aquatic science, Biodiversity & Climate change, Low-carbon economic & sustainable development Pathways, Research on Community Based Environmental and Sustainability Education Model. Science. 8 0 obj Electronic sources of waste. DDT compounds and HCH isomers were relatively uniform throughout this process. It provides the latest business information on production and demand, trade, recovery as well as employment and turnover in the plastics industry. /Resources 19 0 R Plastic accounts for around 10% by mass of municipal waste, but up to 85% of marine debris items – most of which arrive from land-based sources. Classification of the types of plastic generated and measurements of theamount of plastic waste produced per household were performed for two consecutive months (December 2018and January 2019). 2014. In order to manage waste, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Solid Waste Act favor an integrated solid waste man-agement strategy that includes 1) reducing the amount 2011. Rivers are a major source of plastic waste into the oceans. Rochman et al. The aim of the study was to investigateplastic waste management practices employed by rural households through the identification of the types ofplastic waste generated, estimation of the average daily amount of generated plastics and establishing theirmanagement practices. Once in the water, plastic debris never fully biodegrades. We estimate that over 1000 rivers are accountable for 80% of global annual emissions which range between 0.8 – 2.7 million metric tons per year, with small urban rivers amongst the most polluting. • Low-Carbon Homes 5 0 obj Tackling plastic waste is one of the major issues of environmental pollution. Evaluation of the data demonstrated significant geographical differences in both level and, Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. 7 0 obj Plastics are persistent large-scale pollutants, and plastic debris (such as bottles, straws, containers, and plastic wrap) and particulates have been found in many environmental niches, from Mount Everest to the bottom of the sea. It is intending to present and disseminate complex data and technical information in a most simplified manner (short, simple, and quick), some of the simple articles/fact-sheets in the pipeline and will be available via this project update (listed alphabetically, not in preference): /F 4 /BS 26 0 R This study can benefit the scholarly community, because it brings more light to freshwater ecosystems, while most sources in the field focus on marine ecosystems. 9 0 obj /Tabs /S It is important that you follow these steps in the order In the United States, Europe, Australia and Japan, plastics are, Mismanaged plastic (plastic dumped openly). It provides some simple tips of achieving sustainability (e.g. /Rotate 0 The environmental impact generated due to the operation of C&D waste recycling facility was reported to be negligible in most of the papers. Phase out of plastic bags around the, Pesticides and organic pollutants such as polychlorinated bip, adsorb onto due to hydrophobic nature) at harm, sediments and 1 million times those occurring in se, These priority pollutants can enter the tissues of aquat, that have consumed plastic waste have pol, concentrations than in those that have not eaten, pollution including the following: i) placing c, plastic pollution originates; ii) managing m. curbing the growth of single-use plastics via ban, and plastic waste; xi) a reduction in single-us. Geographically, the five heaviest plastic polluters are P.R. This is our main data entry on plastics, with a particular focus on its pollution of the environment. Waste can be categorized by municipal waste, and industrial waste 3. /Rotate 0 Lönnstedt OM and, Eklöv P. 2016. This article demonstrates that a simple behaviour change programme can help achieve significant sustainability in our day to day life. /MediaBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] 2016. Chlorinated hydrocarbons were also detected in snow, ice, lake water and sea water samples, in which rather high concentrations were found in snow and ice samples. stream Plastic waste could be recycled and used to produce composite materials. ... Research carried out reveals that humans can be exposed to microplastics via contaminated seafood (fish, shell-fish), salt and tap water. >> /Group 18 0 R • Climate-Smart Aquaculture Man-made plastics are known as synthetic plastics. It blocks drainage lines and fill up land space causing floods and erosion thereby causing deterioration of the Nigeria roads. 2017.Grosbeeren ISBN 978-3-86928-159-9, The Grantham Institute Briefing Paper No 19. On average, it was found that a rural household generates about 15.9 gof plastic waste per day. concentrated source of waste, in quantity, while plastic bottles were the most highly concentrated source, in mass. Common waste management practices found included open burning, burying, reusing,disposing of plastics in backyard pit, indiscriminate disposal in the backyard, selling and recycling. Client: Norwegian Environment Agency Project: Sources of microplastic pollution to the marine environment 1/86 1. /Parent 2 0 R 2. Plastics are essential and ubiquitous materials in our daily lives and address numerous societal challenges. /Parent 2 0 R all be filtered out, making wastewater treatment p, distances floating in seawater, or sediment, Large plastic items, such as discarded fishing rope an, invertebrates, birds, mammals, and turtles, s, species by plastic debris can cause starvation, suff, Ingestion of plastics by aquatic organisms is one of the m, of plastic, which can accumulate in their digestive s, cause physical damage or blockage of the int, ‘environmentally relevant’ concentrations of, Plastic along shorelines creates an aesthetic iss, losses are associated with reduced tourism, vessel damage, impairment in marine environments, shipping, energy production, fishing, and a, Figure 2. problem. Global initiatives on the ban of plastics, collection and recycling mechanisms of plastic waste are addressed and compared with the Indian scenario. A small survey is carried out to thoroughly understand PWM in a community. << Waste can also be categorized by sector, by type, by material and many types of specific waste 4. %PDF-1.4 Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc (municipal wastes) and wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes). Our results demonstrate that microplastic particles operate both chemically and physically on larval fish performance and development. Source : PlasticsEurope Source: PlasticsEurope Source: Eurostat Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. 2017. 347 (6223): 768-771; 6. This paper also appraises the concept of 4R′s in PWM and their role in circular economy. Plastics are the most common form of marine debris. Responsible production and consumption of plastics, emerging trends in PWM in relation to Integrated Waste Management (IWM) are highlighted. Environ. Construction and demolition (C&D) activities generate a large amount of waste throughout their life cycle. This paper therefore seeks to identify favorable methods for recycling plastic wastes in Nigeria as a tool for solution to diversification and implementation. /Kids [3 0 R 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R] However, with the declination of oil prices and increase in plastic wastes, the world is tending towards energy and sustainable development. Recently many countries, including Pakistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, South Africa, India, Nigeria, and Kenya, have banned the plastic bags because of the pressing concerns over the negative and hazardous impact on the water, land, and marine ecosystem and natural environment. << • Wetlands. Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a substance which is of no use. ; A slide-deck summary of global plastics is available here. However, with the declination of oil prices, increase in plastic wastes and the world tending towards energy and sustainable development, therefore, an urgent need for recycling this waste of plastics into a solution for wealth creation is fundamental in Nigeria. from ocean-based sources (fishing nets, fishing ropes). /MediaBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] These are fairly recently discovered in high and increasing concentrations in … /CropBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] Plastics wastes are also harmful to human health; they may contain harmful acids which may lead to death. Distribution of single-use plastic production by region (2014) 4 Figure 1.4. /MediaBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] endobj entanglement of animals or swallowing pieces of plastics and causing infection, starvation and even mortality), ... Large plastic items, such as discarded fishing lines and nets, can cause attachment to invertebrates, birds, mammals, and turtles, salted grasses, and corals. >> 409, 3309–3324; 9. << India generates around 56 lakh tonnes of plastic waste annually and Delhi being the highest generator of plastic waste in India accounts for 9,600 mt per day among the top ten cities, followed by Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai, Bangalore and few others. Plastics contribute to high-performance insulation materials that reduce energy consumption, and plastic packaging enhances food safety. Plastic waste is a relatively ne… China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Sri Lanka, which between them contribute 56% of global plastic waste. This statistic displays the sources of plastic waste in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2018 to 2013, by sector. /Resources 13 0 R Sixteen of the top 20 mismanaged plastic waste producers are low, (PET). 352(6290):1213-1216. doi: • Bushfire /Type /Pages /BS 30 0 R /Tabs /S The plastic Ocean. ; 3. • Endocrine disputing chemicals endobj Simon, N and Schulte, M.L. Creating public awareness regarding the healthy environment, managing wastes, alternative disposal methods, establishing the incineration mechanisms, and drop-off-areas facilities for plastic recycling also recommended to ensure a healthy environment. Plastic-made products and bags are widely used worldwide due to the advantages of convenience, availability, and cheapness. 2017. dumping (mismanaged plastic waste). Again in 2014, altho ugh more than 65% of all packaging waste was recycled in the EU, less than 40% of plastic packaging waste was recycled. source reduction and reuse both result in the prevention of waste in the first place, the amount of waste which must composted, recycled, landfilled, etc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02. /Type /Page >> Critical gaps between the legislations framed and their enforcement are identified. The studyconcluded that most of the rural households are still using traditional methods of managing plastic waste, eventhough recommended plastic waste management practices such as reusing and recycling were found amongstsome households in Zombodze Emuva. >> The study investigated plastic waste management practices in the rural households of the Kingdom of Eswatiniusing Zikhotheni and Zombodze Emuva communities as case study sites. Marine Pollution Bulletin. Plastic waste that enters the ocean, an issue that has galvanized many consumers, corporations and policymakers, poses a threat to marine life through entanglement, ingestion and contamination.13 Moreover, collecting ocean plastic waste can be extraordinarily challenging because it tends to fragment Proc. 1. Plastic pollution is capable of affecting land, waterways and oceans as a large percentage of marine and land creatures have died due to this unnecessary evil owing to the fact that plastic is non biodegradable and when disposed, it causes hazards to soil and also emits toxic gasses when exposed or heated. The main land- based sources of marine plastic waste include storm water discharge, combined sewer overflows, tourism related litter, illegal dumping, industrial activities e.g. Mismanaged plastic (plastic dumped openly) enter the environment via inland waterways, wastewater outflows, and transport by wind or tides. /Rotate 0 The trend of dumping plastic garbage into the marine ecosystem, jeopardize the survival of enormous species because of infections with plastic scraps. The downside is In short, this report gives an insight 11 0 obj There is no evidence that seals in good condition are affected by these residues, but when fat is mobilized the higher residue concentrations which are produced in the remaining lipids could have a detrimental physiological effect. /StructParents 24 The primary aim of this review article is to identify the commonality among those research papers and understand the environmental impacts of various practices being adopted in C&D waste management. It (LCD) aims to reduce GHG emissions consistent with the 2°C rise limit (as agreed in Paris Conference in Dec 2015) and achieve new global sustainable development goals (2016-2030) while accommodating the expected economic and population growth. /A 31 0 R << micro plastics found larvae ate the micro plastics. In Hong Kong, plastic waste discarded at landfills has increased by Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. • Arsenic Contamination The DVD and music players, TV, Telephones, computers, vacuum cleaners and all the other electrical stuff at your home, which are of no more use, are electronic wastes. rity (agriculture, livestock, fisheries/seafood), health security (human and other biota), environmental security (ecosystems and biodiversity) and social security (gender, livelihoods, poor/marginalised/socially isolated people). Golam Kibria reported that China ranks first among the top 20 countries in the world which mismanage plastic wastes and India ranks 12th among them, Bergmann et al. /Parent 2 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595.3800048828 841.9799804688] /A 27 0 R /StructParent 101 LCA case studies were found to vary widely on several categories, and we inferred that they could be compared by selecting normalized unit processes in the system boundaries, functional unit, inventory data sources and impact categories. Lawrence. endobj Matsuguma et al 2017. 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