After Ali was assassinated, his rival Mu-waiyah established the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus, which went on to conquer an empire stretching from Spain and Portugal in the west through North Africa and the Middle East to Central Asia in the east. EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) In the end, Abu Bakr would become the first of four caliphs, each of whom contributed significantly to the development and spread of Islam. One group of followers held that Muhammad himself had chosen 'Ali, his cousin and son-in-law, as his successor. A source of information for deeper understanding of religious subjects. The first four caliphs of the Islamic empire – Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali are referred to as Rashidun (rightly guided) Caliphs (632-661 CE) by mainstream Sunni Muslims. History of the Caliphs: Uthman bin Affan. Muhammad (623-632) ). The history of the Caliphate is, with a few exceptions, an unstable and unhappy one. Through history, we have seen parallel Caliphs, but none had as much symbolic power and influence as the one that followed the line of Caliphs from Abu Bakr, which was the first. The metadata below describe the original scanning. Each one of them had particular special merits which distinguished him from the others. These four caliphs were some of the closest companions of the Prophet (pbuh) and his strongest adherents. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to Uthman three times: “Oh ‘Uthman, Allah will give you a garment to wear (i.e. The Umayyads ruled from 661 to 750, when they were overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphs. Early Islamic History Outline Caliph, Caliphs, Imam, Imams, Muslim Early History Chart General Information. Others insisted that Abu Bakr, Muhammad's good friend and father-in-law, be given the caliphate. [1] 1- Caliphate Term of office start Hijri 22 Jumādā al-Ūlā, 13 Term of office end Hijri 26 Dhul-Hijjah, 23 Term of office start Gregorian 23 August, 634 Term of office end Gregorian… written by islamciv. Shaykh Muhammad al-Khudari Bak al-Bajuri . the caliphate), so if the hypocrites want you to shed it, do not shed it until you meet me. This book is a concise and immensely satisfying historical account of the first four caliphs of Islam, Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, who because of their rectitude, became known as the “Rightly Guided Caliphs” (may Allah be … Follow the "All Files: HTTP" link in the "View the book" box to the left to find XML files that contain more metadata about the original images and the derived formats (OCR results, PDF etc. For a long period of time, the Caliphate controlled Western Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe. This line of Caliphs had a steady residence in Damascus from 661 to 750, and Baghdad and Samarra up until 1258. The ‘rightly guided’ period is the 30 year reign of the first four caliphs of Islam after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Quraysh's victory was regarded as the triumph of tribal norms; however, in the time of the first two caliphs, this victory was tempered with the Islamic norms but it should not be considered permanent, for Quraysh actually came to power by 'Uthman's caliphate.