While England slept, Spain became dominant in the New World and on the high seas. The fall of the Aztec Empire and capture of its ruler Cuauhtémoc (1521), left Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés in charge of a vast and largely unfamiliar land. (c.1460-1521), Spanish explorer. Not far away was the pueblo of Ohkay Owingeh, renamed San Juan de los Caballeros when Oñate decided to make it the site of the first Spanish settlement in New Mexico. Santa Cruz de Nuca remained under the control of New Spain until 1795, when it was abandoned under the … The Spanish established 3 kinds of settlements in New Spain. The Caribbean and the Mainland In 1493, during his second voyage, Columbus founded Isabela, the first permanent Spanish settlement in the New World, on Hispaniola. He argued that Spain should strive to convert the natives in a non-violent manner. Their purpose was to make the trade monopolistic and thus pour the maximum amount of bullion into the royal treasury. In New Spain the high court was established in 1527, prior to the establishment of the viceroyalty. Santa Cruz de Nuca was the northermost establishment of New Spain. The first major colonizing effort in New Mexico was headed by Juan de Oñate (d. 1614), who had grown up in a wealthy family in New Spain. It was the first colony in British Columbia and the only Spanish settlement in what is now Canada. Upon reaching their destination they started a settlement. After several attempts to plant colonies along the north coast of Hispaniola, Spain's first permanent settlement in the New World was established on the southern coast at the present site of Santo Domingo. The Spanish both took control of Indian towns and built new towns. A devoted and loyal public servant, he consolidated Spanish control ove… He also believed that natives should be free from slavery and retain land rights under the rule of the settlers. In 1500, the Spanish government sent a ship to the New World and demanded Columbus's return to Spain. On July 4, 1598, Oñate’s advance party reached the meeting point of the Rio Chama and the Rio Grande. The First Audiencia was headed by Hernán Cortés's rival Nuño de Guzmán, who used the court to deprive Cortés of power and property. He accompanied Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, became governor of Puerto Rico 1510-12, and landed on the coast of Florida near what became St. Augustine in 1513, claiming the area for Spain. Spanish colonize Southwest. The high courts, or audiencias, were established in major areas of Spanish settlement. In 1598 Oñate set out with 400 soldiers, colonists, missionaries, and Native Americans for the Rio Grande valley. Dale Hoyt Palfrey. Shortly before the death of Queen Isabella I in 1504, the Spanish sovereigns created the House of Trade (Casa de Contratación) to regulate commerce between Spain and the New World. Under Spanish sovereignty, the entire island bore the name Santo Domingo. Hernan Cortes, 1485-1547 Spanish Conquistador Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who succeeded in claiming most of present-day Mexico for Spain by conquering… Luis De Velasco, Luis de Velasco (1511-1564) was the second viceroy of New Spain (now Mexico). in the first two centuries of Spanish colonization in the New World, the Chesapeake Bay (red X) was on the edge - far from the focus of Spanish settlements that stretched from Mexico into South America Source: Library of Congress, Americae sive qvartae orbis … Spanish colonial policies. 2.1 Key Terms Quiz: Spanish Colonization and New Spain DRAFT These Spanish towns in the Americas were centers of farming and trade. Pueblos served as trading posts and sometimes as centers of government. Posts and sometimes as centers of government establishment of the Rio Grande valley Native Americans for the Rio Grande.. 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